Character-based DNA barcoding allows discrimination of genera, species and populations in Odonata

Author:

Rach J1,DeSalle R2,Sarkar I.N3,Schierwater B12,Hadrys H14

Affiliation:

1. ITZ, Ecology and EvolutionTiHo Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, 30559 Hannover, Germany

2. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA

3. MBLWHOI Library, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MA 02543, USA

4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT 06520-8104, USA

Abstract

DNA barcoding has become a promising means for identifying organisms of all life stages. Currently, phenetic approaches and tree-building methods have been used to define species boundaries and discover ‘cryptic species’. However, a universal threshold of genetic distance values to distinguish taxonomic groups cannot be determined. As an alternative, DNA barcoding approaches can be ‘character based’, whereby species are identified through the presence or absence of discrete nucleotide substitutions (character states) within a DNA sequence. We demonstrate the potential of character-based DNA barcodes by analysing 833 odonate specimens from 103 localities belonging to 64 species. A total of 54 species and 22 genera could be discriminated reliably through unique combinations of character states within only one mitochondrial gene region (NADH dehydrogenase 1). Character-based DNA barcodes were further successfully established at a population level discriminating seven population-specific entities out of a total of 19 populations belonging to three species. Thus, for the first time, DNA barcodes have been found to identify entities below the species level that may constitute separate conservation units or even species units. Our findings suggest that character-based DNA barcoding can be a rapid and reliable means for (i) the assignment of unknown specimens to a taxonomic group, (ii) the exploration of diagnosability of conservation units, and (iii) complementing taxonomic identification systems.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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