Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover

Author:

Sokolow Susanne H.123ORCID,Nova Nicole4ORCID,Pepin Kim M.5,Peel Alison J.6,Pulliam Juliet R. C.7ORCID,Manlove Kezia8,Cross Paul C.9ORCID,Becker Daniel J.1011ORCID,Plowright Raina K.10,McCallum Hamish6,De Leo Giulio A.124

Affiliation:

1. Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA

2. Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

3. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA

4. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

5. National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-APHIS, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA

6. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia

7. South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa

8. Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84321, USA

9. US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA

10. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA

11. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA

Abstract

Spillover of a pathogen from a wildlife reservoir into a human or livestock host requires the pathogen to overcome a hierarchical series of barriers. Interventions aimed at one or more of these barriers may be able to prevent the occurrence of spillover. Here, we demonstrate how interventions that target the ecological context in which spillover occurs (i.e. ecological interventions) can complement conventional approaches like vaccination, treatment, disinfection and chemical control. Accelerating spillover owing to environmental change requires effective, affordable, durable and scalable solutions that fully harness the complex processes involved in cross-species pathogen spillover. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover’.

Funder

B&M Gates Foundation

Queensland Government Accelerate Postdoctoral Research Fellowship

U.S. Department of Defense

NIH EEID Program

Stanford Freeman Spogli Institute

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

NIH General Medical Sciences

National Science Foundation Coupled Natural and Human Systems

SACEMA

The Bing Fellowship in honor of Paul Ehrlich at Stanford University

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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