Context-driven communication during deep-sea foraging in a social toothed whale

Author:

Hessing Sanne1ORCID,Risser Nolwenn123ORCID,Pichot Loanne234,Oudejans Machiel G.1ORCID,Guilpin Marie12ORCID,Barcelos Luís M. D.5ORCID,Curé Charlotte3,Visser Fleur12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Kelp Marine Research , Hoorn 1624 CJ, The Netherlands

2. Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59 , Den Burg 1790 AB, The Netherlands

3. Cerema-University Gustave Eiffel, UMRAE, Acoustics Group of the Laboratory of Strasbourg , Strasbourg F-67210, France

4. Département de Biologie, ENS École Normale Supérieure de Lyon , Lyon Cedex 07 69342, France

5. Azorean Biodiversity Group & Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira , Azores, Portugal

Abstract

Social deep-diving odontocetes face the challenge of balancing near-surface proximity to oxygen and group members with foraging in the deep sea. Individuals rely on conspecifics for critical life functions, such as predator defence, but disperse during foraging to feed individually. To understand the role of social acoustic mediation during foraging in deep-diving toothed whales, we investigated the context of social burst-pulse call production in Risso’s dolphin ( Grampus griseus ) using biologgers. Dolphins produced context-specific burst pulses predominantly during daytime foraging, preceding or following foraging dives and in the early descent of daytime deep dives. Individuals applied differential short and long burst-pulse calls intended for either near-surface receivers (horizontal transmission) or deep-foraging receivers (vertical transmission). Our results show that deep-diving toothed whales are reliant on acoustic communication during certain foraging contexts, to relay information including foraging conditions or an individual’s location. Moreover, they accentuate the importance of maintaining acoustic contact with conspecifics, specifically when dispersed during deeper foraging. It also signifies that our oceanic top predators may be specifically vulnerable to the current strong increase in anthropogenic noise. Potential masking of the signals from group members communicating at a distance could undermine their social cohesion, and hence their capacity to maintain vital life functions.

Funder

Exacte en Natuurwetenschappen

Office of Naval Research

Publisher

The Royal Society

Reference51 articles.

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2. Tyack PL , Miller EH . 2002 Vocal anatomy, acoustic communication and echolocation. In Marine mammal biology: an evolutionary approach, pp. 142–184, vol. C6. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.

3. An overview of research efforts to understand the effects of underwater sound on cetaceans

4. Connor RC . 2002 Ecology of group living and social behaviour. In Marine mammal biology: an evolutionary approach, pp. 353–360. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.

5. Social structure of Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) at the Azores: a stratified community based on highly associated social units

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