Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand

Author:

Young Hayden A.1ORCID,Turnbull Jocelyn C.12ORCID,Keller Elizabeth D.13ORCID,Domingues Lucas Gatti14ORCID,Parry-Thompson Jeremy15ORCID,Hilton Timothy W.1ORCID,Brailsford Gordon W.6ORCID,Gray Sally6ORCID,Moss Rowena C.6,Mikaloff-Fletcher Sara6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand

2. CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

3. Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

4. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

5. Greater Wellington Regional Council, Wellington, New Zealand

6. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand

Abstract

As part of the CarbonWatch-NZ research programme, air samples were collected at 28 sites around Auckland, New Zealand, to determine the atmospheric ratio (RCO) of excess (local enhancement over background) carbon monoxide to fossil CO2(CO2ff). Sites were categorized into seven types (background, forest, industrial, suburban, urban, downwind and motorway) to observeRCOaround Auckland. Motorway flasks observedRCOof 14 ± 1 ppb ppm−1and were used to evaluate trafficRCO. The similarity between suburban (14 ± 1 ppb ppm−1) and trafficRCOsuggests that traffic dominates suburban CO2ff emissions during daytime hours, the period of flask collection. The lower urbanRCO(11 ± 1 ppb ppm−1) suggests that urban CO2ff emissions are comprised of more than just traffic, with contributions from residential, commercial and industrial sources, all with a lowerRCOthan traffic. Finally, the downwind sites were believed to best representRCOfor Auckland City overall (11 ± 1 ppb ppm−1). We demonstrate that the initial discrepancy between the downwindRCOand Auckland's estimated daytime inventoryRCO(15 ppb ppm−1) can be attributed to an overestimation in inventory traffic CO emissions. After revision based on our observed motorwayRCO, the revised inventoryRCO(12 ppb ppm−1) is consistent with our observations.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.

Funder

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment

GNS Science Strategic Science Investment Fund

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Engineering,General Mathematics

Reference70 articles.

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Cited by 2 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Urban flask measurements of CO2ff and CO to identify emission sources at different site types in Auckland, New Zealand;Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences;2023-10-09

2. A special issue preface: Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene;Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences;2023-10-09

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