Entropy Optimization and Heat Transfer Analysis of Magneto-Bioconvective Powell Eyring Nanofluid with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction Over a Stretching Sheet

Abstract

This paper investigates the entropy generation in the bioconvection of Powell Eyring nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms over a convectively stretching sheet. The influences of magnetohydrodynamic forces, nonlinear thermal radiation effects, chemical reactions of species in a Powell Eyring nanofluid flow are analyzed. Motile microorganisms are added along with nanoparticles in the Powell Eyring base fluid for the prevention of nanoparticles agglomeration and to stabilize the nanoparticles in the suspension. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations along with boundary conditions are solved numerically after these equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the similarity transformation. The results are compared with previously published research papers. The impact of significant physical and bioconvection parameters on the profile of nanofluid velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, the density of motile microorganisms, and entropy generation are analyzed graphically. It is noticed that the velocity profile increases by increasing the values of the Powell Eyring fluid parameter. The incidence of nanoparticles in Powell Eyring nanofluid decreases the nanoparticle concentration due to an increase in the value of the chemical reaction parameter and Lewis number. Also, the profile of entropy generation increases as the values of Br, γ1, and γ2 are increased.