Т2-high and T2-low bronchial asthma, endotype characteristics and biomarkers

Abstract

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable course. Identification of pathobiological mechanisms of asthma phenotype, also called as asthma endotypes, is an urgent task to optimize treatment of asthma, especially of severe asthma. Although the author recognizes that T2-low asthma is a serious problem, this article is devoted to the T2-high asthma endotype. Currently, biological agents are available for T2-high asthma only, so the focus on T2 high asthma is important. Current characteristics of uncontrolled, difficult-to-treat and severe asthma, mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation in T2-high asthma, main cells and mediators involved in the disease, and biomarkers of T2-high asthma were discussed in the article.