GENESIS OF THE CONCEPTS “TRANSIT POTENTIAL OF THE REGION” AND “CUSTOMS TRANSIT REGIME” IN INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS

Abstract

The article analyzes and summarizes the theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "transit", "transit potential" and "customs regime", which have been developed by various scientific schools. The author's approach to defining the essence and content of the term "transit potential of the region" is proposed, which means a set of spatial resources of the region as a whole and transport, in particular, between the elements of this system determine the synergetic effect and act as a mechanism for economic growth and territorial development. The structure of the transit potential of the region should be considered a stable way of combining its elements and subsystems, which reflects the elemental composition, the principle of formation and implementation of this potential. Thus, the elements of the transit potential of the region include everything related to its implementation and growth. Resources are an integral part of the region's transit potential, so they are the primary elements of this system. Conditionally, they can be classified as follows: spatial (nature of the territory and the state of the environment, the development of the transport industry, density and quality of roads, the possibility of their expansion or optimization, the level of contact with neighboring countries, etc.); technical (rolling stock, infrastructure facilities, material and technical base of maintenance, service and repair of vehicles); technological (traditional transport technologies, intermodal technologies, container technologies, scientific technological developments); personnel (quantitative and qualitative composition of employees, their level of competence, staff adaptability to changes in the conditions of the system); managerial (nature and flexibility of the management system, features of its organizational structure, quality of functioning); information (information on the possibilities of realizing the transit potential of the region); financial (state of local budgets, profitability of economic activities, opportunities of banking and financial systems, insurance companies). It is established that the development of the transit potential of the region is influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous factors are divided into geopolitical, macroeconomic, institutional. Each of these groups of factors can be considered in the analysis of capacity development by mode of transport. Endogenous factors include regional (natural-geographical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental) and transport (technical, technological and managerial).