Engineering α-fetoprotein-based gene vaccines to prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma: review and future prospects

Author:

He Yukai1,Hong Yuan1,Mizejewski Gerald J2

Affiliation:

1. Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Cancer Immunology, Inflammation & Tolerance Program, Augusta, GA 30907, USA

2. Wadsworth Center, Molecular Diagnostics, Fetal Defect/Tumor Markers Section, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA

Abstract

Activation of a patient's immune system offers an attractive approach to prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the antitumor efficacy of current HCC vaccines was weak owing to insufficient immune activation of targeting self/tumor antigens. We recently found that epitope-optimized α-fetoprotein effectively activated CD8 T cells and generated potent antitumor effects in the carcinogen-induced autochthonous HCC mouse model. We predict that the same antigen engineering approach of epitope-optimization will enable us to develop effective human vaccines to prevent HCC recurrence after liver resection. The engineered human HCC vaccines may also allow us to identify high-affinity T-cell receptors and antibodies that can be used to reprogram T cells to treat HCC tumors via adoptive transfer.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Oncology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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