Uncovering the interplay between CD8, CD4 and antibody responses to complex pathogens

Author:

Moutaftsi Magdalini1,Tscharke David C2,Vaughan Kerrie3,Koelle David M4,Stern Lawrence5,Calvo-Calle Mauricio5,Ennis Francis6,Terajima Masanori6,Sutter Gerd7,Crotty Shane3,Drexler Ingo8,Franchini Genoveffa9,Yewdell Jon W2,Head Steven R10,Blum Janice11,Peters Bjoern3,Sette Alex3

Affiliation:

1. Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA and Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

2. Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

3. Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla CA, USA

4. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

5. Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

6. Center for Infectious Disease & Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

7. Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Munich, Germany

8. Institute of Virology, Technische Universitat, Munich, Germany

9. Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

10. DNA Array Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

11. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA

Abstract

Vaccinia virus (VACV) was used as the vaccine strain to eradicate smallpox. VACV is still administered to healthcare workers or researchers who are at risk of contracting the virus, and to military personnel. Thus, VACV represents a weapon against outbreaks, both natural (e.g., monkeypox) or man-made (bioterror). This virus is also used as a vector for experimental vaccine development (cancer/infectious disease). As a prototypic poxvirus, VACV is a model system for studying host–pathogen interactions. Until recently, little was known about the targets of host immune responses, which was likely owing to VACVs large genome (>200 open reading frames). However, the last few years have witnessed an explosion of data, and VACV has quickly become a useful model to study adaptive immune responses. This review summarizes and highlights key findings based on identification of VACV antigens targeted by the immune system (CD4, CD8 and antibodies) and the complex interplay between responses.

Publisher

Future Medicine Ltd

Subject

Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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