Ecology of Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos, 1988, an endangered fish species from the rio Tocantins basin

Abstract

ABSTRACT Mylesinus paucisquamatus is a threatened fish endemic to the rio Tocantins basin, with little information about its natural history. Using monitoring data obtained between 1998 and 2009, we investigated the spatial distribution, feeding and reproduction of this species in a long stretch of the middle-upper rio Tocantins. Eighty-one individuals were captured over a decade of intensive sampling. In addition, we recorded the species in only 13 out of 35 sites, particularly in the Tocantins and Paranã rivers. Most individuals were captured alone, while the remaining formed small groups. These results indicate that this fish is rheophilic and rare. We recorded seasonal variation in fish abundance, with higher values during the dry season, indicating seasonal movements. The species is herbivorous and specialized in the consumption of plants attached to substrates, particularly bryophytes. We also observed seasonality in reproduction, since reproductive activity increased during the early dry season. These ecological traits, e.g. , rarity, rheophilic and specialized feeding habits, indicates that M. paucisquamatus is vulnerable to environmental changes, particularly river damming. Considering that three large dams currently regulate and fragment this section of the rio Tocantins, the persistence of this species is jeopardized, demanding effective conservation actions.