Folklore and earthquakes: Native American oral traditions from Cascadia compared with written traditions from Japan

Author:

Ludwin Ruth S.1,Smits Gregory J.2,Carver D.3,James K.4,Jonientz-Trisler C.5,McMillan A. D.6,Losey R.7,Dennis R.8,Rasmussen J.9,De Los Angeles A.10,Buerge D.11,Thrush C. P.12,Clague J.13,Bowechop J.14,Wray J.15

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of WashingtonBox 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, USA (e-mail: rludwin@u.washington.edu)

2. Department of History and Program in Religious Studies, 108 Weaver Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA

3. Carver GeologicP.O. Box 52, Kodiak, AK 99615, USA

4. 13797 Silven Ave NE Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA

5. FEMA, Federal Regional Center130 228th St, SW Bothell, WA 98021-9796, USA

6. Dept of Anthropology, Douglas CollegeNew Westminster, BC, V3L 5B2, Canada

7. Department of AnthropologyRoom 13–15, Tory Building University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H4, Canada

8. Huu-ay-aht First NationP.O. Box 418, Port Alberni, B.C., V91 1M7, Canada

9. Duwamish Tribe cultural resources expert, Duwanish Tribal Services4717 West Marginal Way SW, Seattle, WA 98106, USA

10. Snoqualmie Tribe, cultural resources expert, and great-grandson of James Zackuse, Duwamish Indian Doctor, The Snoqualmie TribeP.O. Box 280, Carnation, WA 98014, USA

11. 310 NE 85th St, Seattle, WA 98115, USA

12. Rm 1297, 1873 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada

13. Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, B.C., Canada

14. Makah Cultural and Research Centre, Makah TribeP.O. Box 160 Neah Bay, WA 98357, USA

15. Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA, USA

Abstract

AbstractThis article examines local myth and folklore related to earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis in oral traditions from Cascadia (part of the northern Pacific coast of North America) and in written traditions from Japan, particularly in the Edo (present-day Tokyo) region. Local folklore corresponds closely to geological evidence and geological events in at least some cases, and the symbolic language of myth and folklore can be a useful supplement to conventional geological evidence for constructing an accurate historical record of geological activity. At a deep, archetypical level, Japan, Cascadia, and many of the world's cultures appear to share similar themes in their conception of earthquakes. Although folklore from Cascadia is fragmentary, and the written record short, the evolution of Japanese earthquake folklore has been well documented over a long period of history and illustrates the interaction of folklore with dynamic social conditions.

Publisher

Geological Society of London

Subject

Geology,Ocean Engineering,Water Science and Technology

Reference122 articles.

1. Adamson, T. 1934. Folk-Tales of the Coast Salish. American Folk-Lore Society, G. E. Stechert and Co., New York.

2. American Museum of Natural History Catalog. North American Ethnographic Collections, Cowichan Culture, Acquired in 1903 from James Teit. Original catalog page entry: Xoaexoe mask. Item [16/9222]. http://anthro.amnh.org/.

3. American Museum of Natural History Catalog. North American Ethnographic Collections, Cowichan Culture, Acquired in 1929 from Lt. George T. Emmons. Original catalog page entry: Mask known as Skhway-wha used in Whirlwind dance. Item [16.1/1871]. http://anthro.amnh.org/.

4. Arima, E. Y. 1991. Between Ports Albemi and Renfrew: Notes on West Coast Peoples. Canadian Museum of Civilization, Ottawa, Canadian Ethnology Service, Mercury Series Paper 121, The tsunami at Pachena Bay, pp. 230–231. [This reference incorrectly identifies Louis Nookmis as Louis Clamhouse. Co-author Robert Dennis, the greatgrandson of Chief Louis Nookmis and Chief Councillor of the Huu-ay-aht First Nation has supplied this correction.]

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