The erosional and weathering response to arc–continent collision in New Guinea

Author:

Clift Peter D.12ORCID,Du Yifan1,Mohtadi Mahyar3,Pahnke Katharina4,Sutorius Mika4,Böning Philipp4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA

3. MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany

4. Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany

Abstract

Arc–continent collision is a fundamental stage in the plate-tectonic cycle that allows the continental crust to grow and can influence global climate through chemical weathering. Collision between Australia and the oceanic North Coast Range–New Britain Arc began in the Middle Miocene, resulting in uplift of the modern New Guinea Highlands. The temporal evolution of this collision and its erosional and weathering impacts is reconstructed here using sedimentary archives from the Gulf of Papua. Sr and Nd isotopes show dominant erosion from igneous arc-ophiolite crust, accounting for c . 40–70% of the total flux in the Early Miocene, and rising to c . 80–90% at 8 Ma, before falling again to 72–83% by the present day. Greater erosion from Australia-derived units accelerated in the Pliocene, like the classic Taiwan collision but with greater erosion from arc rather than continental units. Chemical alteration of the sediment increased through time, especially since c . 5 Ma, consistent with increasing kaolinite indicative of more tropical weathering. Erosion was focused in the high topography where mafic arc units are preferentially exposed. Comparison of sediment with bedrock compositions implies that the source terrains have been more efficient at removing CO 2 from the atmosphere compared with Himalayan drainages. Supplementary material : Details of analytical conditions, analytical results and compositions compiled from the GEOROC database are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7168147

Publisher

Geological Society of London

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5. Tectonics of the New Guinea Region

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