Characterization of Transparent Conducting Oxides

Abstract

As the areas of the major applications of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) increase, demand will grow for materials having lower sheet resistance while retaining good optical properties. Simply increasing the film thickness is not acceptable because this would increase the optical absorptance. New materials must be developed with lower resistivities than previously achieved and with optical properties superior to those of the present generation of TCOs. This has now been recognized internationally, and novel materials are being investigated in Japan and the United States.