Abstract
AbstractBiominerals formed by animals are most frequently calcium carbonate or phosphate polycrystalline materials with complex hierarchical structures. This article will focus on the 10-nm–10-µm scale, termed “mesoscale,” at which the “mesostructure” differs greatly across biominerals, is relevant to their mechanical properties, and reveals formation mechanisms in sea urchin teeth, mollusk shell prisms and nacre, human enamel, and coral skeletons. This article will conclude by focusing on important unanswered questions to inspire future research.
Graphical abstract
Funder
Basic Energy Sciences
Division of Materials Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science
Cited by
3 articles.
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