A novel technology for home monitoring of lupus nephritis that tracks the pathogenic urine biomarker ALCAM

Author:

Lei Rongwei,Vu Binh,Kourentzi Katerina,Soomro Sanam,Danthanarayana Adheesha N.,Brgoch Jakoah,Nadimpalli Suma,Petri Michelle,Mohan Chandra,Willson Richard C.

Abstract

IntroductionThe gold standard for diagnosis of active lupus nephritis (ALN), a kidney biopsy, is invasive with attendant morbidity and cannot be serially repeated. Urinary ALCAM (uALCAM) has shown high diagnostic accuracy for renal pathology activity in ALN patients.MethodsLateral flow assays (LFA) for assaying uALCAM were engineered using persistent luminescent nanoparticles, read by a smartphone. The stability and reproducibility of the assembled LFA strips and freeze-dried conjugated nanoparticles were verified, as was analyte specificity.ResultsThe LFA tests for both un-normalized uALCAM (AUC=0.93) and urine normalizer (HVEM)-normalized uALCAM (AUC=0.91) exhibited excellent accuracies in distinguishing ALN from healthy controls. The accuracies for distinguishing ALN from all other lupus patients were 0.86 and 0.74, respectively.ConclusionPeriodic monitoring of uALCAM using this easy-to-use LFA test by the patient at home could potentially accelerate early detection of renal involvement or disease flares in lupus patients, and hence reduce morbidity and mortality.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

U.S. Department of Defense

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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