Assessment of the Distribution and Safety of Tetragenococcus muriaticus for Potential Application in the Preparation of Chinese Grasshopper Sub Shrimp Paste

Abstract

The bacterial profiles of 63 grasshopper sub shrimp paste samples collected from seven typical regions around the Bohai Sea were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Tetragenococcus muriaticus was found to be the prevailing species present in all the samples, and the presence of T. muriaticus also weakly correlated with the histamine content in the samples. Six T. muriaticus strains with low biogenic amine (BA)-producing ability and deficient in histamine production were identified and subjected to safety assessment. All six strains displayed weak resistance to fifteen known antibiotics as based on the Enterococcus breakpoint values. None of the strains exhibited hemolytic activity or biofilm formation. All strains exhibited were able to grow on MRS agar containing 21% NaCl and expressed amine oxidase and strain-specific proteases and lipases. Most of the strains exhibited acid production at 18% NaCl. Moreover, three of the strains (designated as SG, TS, and QH) with histamine degradation ability were inoculated into separate shrimp paste samples to determine their effect on BA accumulation. The results indicated that the addition of T. muriaticus to shrimp pastes not only led to a significant reduction of BA content in the pastes but also improved the flavor of the pastes. Consequently, these strains may be used as potential candidates for controlling the content of histamine in fermented foods.