Interactive Airfoil Optimization Using Parsec Parametrization and Adjoint Method

Author:

Belda Marek1ORCID,Hyhlík Tomáš1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 1902/4 Prague 6–Dejvice, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

In the development of interactive aerodynamic optimization tools, the need to reduce the computational complexity of flow calculations has arisen. Computational complexity can be reduced by estimating the flow variables using machine learning, but that approach has a number of hindrances. Avoiding these hindrances through lowering the computational complexity by stating the assumptions of inviscid incompressible potential flow is the focus of this article. The assumptions used restrict the applicability of this approach to only specific cases, but in engineering practice, these cases are quite widespread. The assumptions allowed the coupling of the adjoint method with parsec parametrization and the panel method, yielding a highly computationally efficient and robust tool for optimizing an airfoil’s lift coefficient (Cy). The optimization of the NREL S809 airfoil was carried out, and the results were verified using the Xfoil 6.99 software. The Xfoil verification showed that by making minimal changes to the airfoil’s shape, the Cy and lift-to-drag ratios were significantly improved. The improvement magnitude was over 94% for a 0 deg angle of attack (AoA) and over 16% for 6.2 deg AoA. This indicates an improvement in performance that is similar to that of some genetic algorithms, but with computational costs that are many orders of magnitude lower.

Funder

Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague

Publisher

MDPI AG

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