Affiliation:
1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
2. Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Groundwater storage is influenced by many geo-environmental factors. Most of these factors are prepared in the form of categorical data. The present study utilized raster satellite data instead of categorical data and a Random Forest machine learning model to identify groundwater potential zones at the downstream parts of Wadi Yalamlam, western Saudi Arabia. Eighteen groundwater-influenced variables are prepared in continuous raster format from ASTER GDEM, TRMM, and SPOT-5 satellite data. The Random Forest (RF) model is trained using (70%) of the target variable and validated using the rest (30%). The accuracy, sensitivity, and F1-score are all generated to evaluate the model performance. SPOT band 3, band 4, and the rainfall variables are the most important for groundwater potential mapping contributing 11%, 7%, and 8% during the prediction stage. The GDEM elevation variable contributed 6% and the slope variable scored 1%. The main conclusions of the study are: (1) The RF machine learning algorithm successfully identified three groundwater potential zones with an accuracy of 96%. (2) The high, moderate, and low potential groundwater zones covered 11.5%, 59.9%, and 28.6% of the study area respectively. (3) Majority of high and moderate zones lie within the pumping rate range between 10 and 20 m3/day. (4) The approach developed in this study can be applied to any other wadis having the same conditions to help authorities and decision-makers in planning and development projects.
Subject
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction
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