Study on the Extensibility of Voltage-Plateau-Based Lithium Plating Detection for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Lithium plating is an undesirable side reaction in lithium-ion cells during fast charging at lower temperatures. The voltage plateau of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of cells after charging is widely used to infer the onset of lithium plating. The differential analysis of post-charge OCV has been shown to yield greater insights into the Li stripping characteristics. Though this method is continuously evaluated for single cells in open circuit, a battery module can have a series and parallel connection of cells. The effectiveness and scalability of the voltage-plateau-based technique for battery modules is presented here. The study focuses on individual cells in open circuit, cells in parallel connection, and cells in a series-parallel connection. The results validate the scalability of the technique, yet the reliability and sensitivity were observed to be inferior to the single cell results published previously.