Membrane Technology as a Strategy for Improving β-Galactosidase Concentration Processes: The Influence of the pH, Membrane Molecular Weight, Pressure, and Ionic Strength in the Process
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Published:2023-01-27
Issue:3
Volume:13
Page:1626
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ISSN:2076-3417
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Container-title:Applied Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Applied Sciences
Author:
Lemes Ailton Cesar1ORCID, Molon Fabrício de Oliveira2, Fagundes Alexandre da Silva2, Egea Mariana Buranelo3ORCID, Di Luccio Marco4, Kalil Susana Juliano2
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil 2. Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96201-900, RS, Brazil 3. Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil 4. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
Abstract
The enzyme β-galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose, although for its effective application it is necessary to establish techniques for purification, concentration, or polishing, such as membrane separation processes, in particular ultrafiltration. The present study aimed to investigate ultrafiltration and diafiltration applied as initial steps for concentration and salt removal, respectively, in the β-galactosidase purification processes. Additionally, the influence levels of the pH (6.5, 7.7, or 7.5), membrane molecular weight cut-off (30, 50, 60, or 100 kDa), operating pressure (1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 kgf/cm2), and ionic strength of the ultrafiltration using NaCL or KCl (0.01–0.1 M) were evaluated considering the enzyme recovery, purification, retention, and concentration factors in relation to the proteins, volume, activity, and protein flux and yield of the processes. The ultrafiltration of the crude enzyme extract at pH 7.5 and 1.5 kgf/cm2 with a 50 kDa polyethersulfone membrane resulted in a volume concentration of the β-galactosidase extract up to 7.1-fold greater, a purification factor 1.2-fold greater, and an enzyme recovery rate of 108.9% by eliminating metabolites during the purification process. In addition, the lowest flux variation range (16.0 to 13.1 L/m2·h) was observed under these same conditions, thereby representing a decrease of 18.0%. An increase in the operating pressure and the addition of salts results in reduced enzyme recovery (up to 38% of the process yield (734.1 to 453.7 U/h) and up to 40% of the enzyme recovery rate (108.9 to 60.6%) during the ultrafiltration using NaCl, respectively). The operation in the diafiltration mode allowed salt removal after the purification of β-galactosidase (enzymatic recovery rates above 93.4%) via precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography elution and as part of an aqueous two-phase system using 6 diafiltration cycles, thereby revealing its application potential.
Subject
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science
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