1. School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute-Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
3. Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
4. Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
5. Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment (ISSE), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
6. Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
7. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China