Biofuel Production from Mango and Orange Peel and Tapioca Shells by Fermentation Using Consortium of Bacteria: Agricultural and Food Waste Valorization

Abstract

Lignocellulosic substrates are considered to be crucial substrates for the production of biofuels. The main objective of the study is to attempt to produce bioethanol using bio-wastes such as mango peels, orange peels, and tapioca shells as renewable sources by employing three bacteria viz., Enterobacter cloacae (ICBP1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ICBP7), and Bacillus cereus (ICBP15), which were chosen to produce cellulase enzymes using the submerged fermentation method, which is a novel method for the production of bioethanol. The “zone of clearance” in bacterial growth on CMC agar plates determined the choice. The mixed culture infected units produced a more reduced sugar, i.e., the presence of aldehyde and ketones except sucrose. At 72 h, greater than 41.0 ± 0.48 mL and 0.83 ± 0.07% of ethanol was recovered. This contrasts with the reduced quantities at 24 and 48 h. SDS-PAGE examination showed that the three cellulose-producing bacterial strains (ICPB1, ICPB7, and ICPB15) had enzyme molecular weights of 80–100, 20–30, and 14–20 kDa, respectively, compared to the other 17 isolates. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate the bioethanol. The spectrum bands from 1700 to 1800 cm−1 showed bioethanol’s unique absorption characteristics, and GC-MS confirmed 31.38% ethanol. The findings of the research demonstrate that the utilization of fermentation technology, specifically employing microbes, to produce bioethanol from bio-wastes such as fruits and vegetables has the potential to address the worldwide fuel energy requirements.