NGS Custom Panel Implementation in Patients with Non-Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Clinical Routine of a Tertiary Hospital

Author:

Sandoval-Talamantes Ana Karen1ORCID,Tenorio-Castaño Jair Antonio123ORCID,Santos-Simarro Fernando123,Adán Carmen1,Fernández-Elvira María1,García-Fernández Laura1,Muñoz Yolanda1,Lapunzina Pablo123ORCID,Nevado Julián123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. INGEMM (Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics), La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain

2. ITHACA, European Research Network, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain

3. CIBERER (Network for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28046 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficiencies in communication, social interaction, and repetitive and restrictive behaviors. The discovery of genetic involvement in the etiology of ASD has made this condition a strong candidate for genome-based diagnostic tests. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is useful for the detection of variants in the sequence of different genes in ASD patients. Herein, we present the implementation of a personalized NGS panel for autism (AutismSeq) for patients with essential ASD over a prospective period of four years in the clinical routine of a tertiary hospital. The cohort is composed of 48 individuals, older than 3 years, who met the DSM-5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnostic criteria for ASD. The NGS customized panel (AutismSeq) turned out to be a tool with good diagnostic efficacy in routine clinical care, where we detected 12 “pathogenic” (including pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and VUS (variant of uncertain significance) possibly pathogenic variations) in 11 individuals, and 11 VUS in 10 individuals, which had previously been negative for chromosomal microarray analysis and other previous genetic studies, such as karyotype, fragile-X, or MLPA/FISH (Multiplex Ligation dependent Probe Amplification/Fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis. Our results demonstrate the high genetic and clinical heterogeneity of individuals with ASD and the current difficulty of molecular diagnosis. Our study also shows that an NGS-customized panel might be useful for diagnosing patients with essential/primary autism and that it is cost-effective for most genetic laboratories.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics

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