Cocoa Bean Shell as Promising Feedstock for the Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)

Abstract

Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product of the chocolate industry, has been employed as a substrate to obtain poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by fermentation with Bacillus firmus. With this aim, acid-thermal hydrolysis of CBS (20% w/v) was conducted at 135 °C for 10 min so that broths rich in fermentable sugars were obtained. These broths, both non-centrifuged and centrifuged, were employed as fermentation media. Significant polymer production was obtained from the broth with solids (non-centrifuged) with a yield of 107 mg of PHB/g dry matter. These results indicated that the presence of CBS solids played an important role in microorganism metabolism, with them being fundamental to the production of PHB. Experimental data were fitted by a model based on irreversible first-order reactions, and kinetic constants were obtained for solubilisation, hydrolysis, and sugar consumption. Although, several studies on obtaining PHB from other agri-food residues have been published, this is the first work on PHB production from CBS, with the study obtaining promising results with PHB concentrations similar or even higher than the others previously reported.