Use of Eco-Friendly UV-C LEDs for Indoor Environment Sanitization: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the enormous importance of maintaining good hygienic conditions in everyday indoor environments for the prevention of infectious diseases. This includes sanitization methods capable of significantly reducing the microbial load in the air and on surfaces. However, in line with the ecological transition, alternative systems for environmental sanitization with reduced environmental impact are urgently needed. The photocatalytic reaction using UV-C light-emitting diode (UV-C LED) lamps with short wavelengths, especially in the range of 200–280 nanometers (nm), can significantly reduce the microbial load, safeguarding the environment thanks to reduced energy consumption. The objective of this review is to describe the latest innovations in the use of UV-C LED technology in the sanitization of indoor environments, reporting the fundamental principles on which its activity relies. Methods: Two databases (PubMed, Web of Science), were searched, following PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 1348 publications were identified, of which 379 were assessed in detail and, of these, 16 were included in the review. Conclusions: This literature review highlighted that UV-C LEDs irradiation represents a valid, eco-sustainable sanitization method that could be exploited as an alternative to chemical compounds to contain indoor microbiological pollution in living and working environments.