An Overview of the Socio-Economic, Technological, and Environmental Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable Energy Generation from Residual Biomass: A Case Study of Biogas Production in Colombia
Author:
Rocha-Meneses Lisandra1ORCID, Luna-delRisco Mario2, González Carlos Arrieta2, Moncada Sebastián Villegas2ORCID, Moreno Andrés3, Sierra-Del Rio Jorge4, Castillo-Meza Luis E.5
Affiliation:
1. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute (TII), Masdar City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates 2. Programa de Ingeniería en Energía, Grupo de Investigación en Energía—GRINEN, Universidad de Medellin, Medellín 050034, Colombia 3. Grupo de Química de Recursos Energéticos y Medio Ambiente QUIREMA, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia 4. Department of Mechatronics Engineering-MATyER, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050536, Colombia 5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana—Seccional Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
Abstract
The escalating global energy demand, driven by heavy reliance on fossil fuels, worsens environmental degradation and triggers socio-economic shifts in extraction and refinery hubs. In Colombia, the energy matrix is predominantly fossil-based (76%), with hydroelectric power accounting for 70% of electricity generation. However, renewable energy sources only contribute 2% to the national energy mix. To reduce emissions by 20% by 2030, Colombia has presented an energy transition roadmap. The need for bioenergy production in Colombia arises from the residual biomass availability, the potential to provide sustainable energy access, and the potential to mitigate climate change impacts, while addressing energy poverty and enhancing energy security. This study presents an overview of biogas production in Colombia, emphasizing the need for financial resources to overcome barriers. Policy incentives, awareness campaigns, and research and development play a vital role in fostering social acceptance, technology adoption, and optimizing biogas production processes. Collaborative efforts among the government, private sector, and local communities are recommended to ensure wide-scale adoption of biogas, promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. By enabling informed decision-making, this research supports the transition to renewable energy sources and the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), with a particular focus on bioenergy. The aim of this study is to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with biogas production in Colombia, including technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects, and provide recommendations for promoting its sustainable implementation and widespread adoption in the country.
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
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