Sustainable Energy Practices in Thailand and Japan: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the comparative analysis of the divergent pathways of sustainable energy development in Thailand and Japan. It offers a nuanced analysis of their policy frameworks, technological advancements, and socioeconomic contexts. This study elucidates the distinct strategies of the two nations by leveraging a robust dataset from sources including the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and Japan’s Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE) toward renewable energy. The key findings indicate that Thailand has capitalized on policy instruments such as the Alternative Energy Development Plan 2018 (AEDP 2018) to augment its renewable energy capacity, particularly in the solar and biomass sectors. This policy-driven approach addresses the rural–urban energy divide and enhances energy access nationwide. Conversely, Japan’s trajectory is characterized by integrating technological innovations like smart grids and the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) system, which have catalyzed significant increases in solar energy adoption and efficiency. Japan places great emphasis on technological solutions that underscore its strategy to mitigate the legacy constraints of energy infrastructure post-Fukushima. The implications of these findings are extended beyond national borders, offering critical insights into the complex interplay between policy, technology, and social engagement in the renewable energy transition. This study highlights the potential for community-based renewable energy projects in Thailand to drive economic growth and social equity. At the same time, Japan’s experience illustrates the importance of regulatory reforms and technological leadership in overcoming structural barriers to energy innovation. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to balance the imperatives of energy security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. Finally, this study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that align renewable energy adoption with the unique contexts of each country, thereby enhancing global efforts against climate change.