Potential for the Accumulation of PTEs in the Biomass of Melilotus albus Med. Used for Biomethane Production

Author:

Kintl Antonín1ORCID,Šmeringai Ján1,Sobotková Julie1,Huňady Igor1ORCID,Brtnický Martin2ORCID,Hammerschmiedt Tereza2ORCID,Radziemska Maja3ORCID,Lukas Vojtěch4ORCID,Elbl Jakub14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradní 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic

2. Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic

3. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

4. Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic

Abstract

In this paper, a possible use of white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Med.) for phytoremediation was assessed. The plants were grown on soils with naturally occurring concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). First, the content of PTEs was determined in plant biomass and in soil samples using: (a) Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma to determine Sb, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Se, and (b) thermal decomposition, amalgamation, and atomic absorption spectrometry to determine Hg. The effectiveness of Melilotus albus Med. (M. albus) for phytoremediation was evaluated using the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The phytoextraction potential of M. albus was determined using bioaccumulation factor (BAC) and translocation factor (TF) values. The highest concentration of PTEs in roots was detected for zinc (10.56 mg/kg of dry weight, DW) and copper (5.128 mg/kg of DW). Similarly, the highest concentration in above-ground parts of the plant was detected for zinc and copper (12.638 and 4.0 mg/kg of DW, respectively). Although the values were relatively high, the effectiveness of the absorption of these PTEs by plant biomass from the soil was relatively very low. BAC and BCF were always lower than 1. On the other hand, the results suggested that M. albus effectively transports PTEs (only for Zn, Pb and Hg) from roots to shoots, because TF was always higher than 1. However, the accumulation of PTEs from soils with a natural abundance of PTEs was not excessive in comparison to conventional maize silage. Therefore, there is no potential risk of biomethane production in biogas plants when biomass from M. albus is used.

Funder

Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science

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