Validation of a New UAV Magnetic Prospecting Tool for Volcano Monitoring and Geohazard Assessment

Abstract

The use of unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) in volcanological contexts is a key challenge in studying volcanoes and improving efficiency in the monitoring of volcanic activity. The coupling of ground and satellite measurements has been reinforced at an intermediate scale thanks to UAV measurements. Along with carrying out visible and infrared measurements, UAVs can conduct geophysical measurements for more in-depth studies. Magnetic field measurements are a powerful tool in volcanic contexts for (i) mapping structural contacts between formations of different ages or type, and (ii) imaging deep thermal anomalies and intrusive systems. Here, we focus on magnetic sensors, which are becoming operational, and in particular on a scalar system recently implemented on a light drone that can be deployed quickly and efficiently in the field. This paper presents several flight test results in order to discuss any artifacts of the UAV or environmental conditions in the magnetic measurements. The results of the comparison between simultaneous UAV and ground surveys are presented. We demonstrate that low altitude measurements are particularly relevant to well-imaged magnetic anomalies and their variation through time in a volcanic context. Some potential uses for this technology and associated applications are also discussed in the fields of exploring and monitoring active volcanoes, for the 4D imaging of volcanoes.