Affiliation:
1. Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Zhejiang Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321200, China
3. National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., known as Hangbaiju (HBJ), is a high-value edible, medicinal product where the flowers are infused in hot water and drunk as tea. Its quality and efficacy are closely related to its geographical origin. Consequently, it is vulnerable to fraudulent substitution by other lower-value Chrysanthemum products. In this study, cultivation (variety and different growth stages) and isotopic fractionation between the flower, stem, and leaf were studied. Samples from four different HBJ varieties were characterized using stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O, %C, and %N) across three producing regions in Zhejiang province, China. The results showed that there were no significant differences in stable isotopic compositions for different HBJ varieties, but there were significant differences for different plant tissues (flower, stem, leaf, etc.). Furthermore, the stable isotopic composition altered dramatically at different growth stages. The δ15N (r = 0.6809) and δ2H (r = 0.6102) correlations between stems and leaves (SL) and flowers (F) of HBJ were relatively good, the δ13C correlation (r = 0.2636) between SL and F was weak, but δ18O correlation (r = 0.01) had almost no correlation. A supervised multivariate statistical model (partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA) was used to discriminate three different producing regions with high accuracy (66.7%, 66.7%, and 100%, respectively). Our findings show that stable isotopes combined with multivariate statistical analysis provide an effective method for the geographical identification of HBJ.
Funder
Special Fund of Discipline Construction for Traceability of Agricultural Product
Zhejiang Key Agricultural Enterprise Institute Project
Subject
Filtration and Separation,Analytical Chemistry