Ultra-High-Density Genetic Maps of Jatropha curcas × Jatropha integerrima and Anchoring Jatropha curcas Genome Assembly Scaffolds

Abstract

Genetic maps facilitate an understanding of genome organization and the mapping of genes and QTLs for traits of interest. Our objective was to develop a high-density genetic map of Jatropha and anchoring scaffolds from genome assemblies. We developed two ultra-high-density genetic linkage maps of Jatropha curcas × Jatropha intergerrima using a backcross (BC1) population using SNP, AFLP and SSR markers. First, SNPs were identified through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The polymorphic SNPs were mapped to 3267 Jat_r4.5 scaffolds and 484 Wu_JatCur_1.0 scaffolds, and then these genomic scaffolds were mapped/anchored to the genetic linkage groups along with the AFLP and SSR markers for each genome assembly separately. We successfully mapped 7284 polymorphic SNPs, and 54 AFLP and SSR markers on 11 linkage groups using the Jat_r4.5 genomic scaffolds, resulting in a genome length of 1088 cM and an average marker interval of 0.71 cM. We mapped 7698 polymorphic SNPs, and 99 AFLP and SSR markers on 11 linkage groups using the Wu_JatCur_1.0 genomic scaffolds, resulting in a genome length of 870 cM and an average marker interval of 1.67 cM. The mapped SNPs were annotated to various regions of the genome, including exon, intron and intergenic regions. We developed two ultra-high-density linkage maps anchoring a high number of genome scaffolds to linkage groups, which provide an important resource for the structural and functional genomics as well as for molecular breeding of Jatropha while also serving as a framework for assembling and ordering whole genome scaffolds.