An Imine-Based Porous 3D Covalent Organic Polymer as a New Sorbent for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Amphenicols from Water Sample

Abstract

In this paper, an imine-based porous 3D covalent organic polymer (COP) was synthesized via solvothermal condensation. The structure of the 3D COP was fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer–Emmer–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption. This porous 3D COP was used as a new sorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of amphenicol drugs, including chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), and florfenicol (FF) in aqueous solution. Factors were investigated for their effects on the SPE efficiency, including the types and volume of eluent, washing speed, pH, and salinity of water. Under the optimized conditions, this method gave a wide linear range (0.1–200 ng/mL) with a high correlation coefficient value (R2 > 0.99), low limits of detection (LODs, 0.01–0.03 ng/mL), and low limits of quantification (LOQs, 0.04–0.10 ng/mL). The recoveries ranged from 83.98% to 110.7% with RSDs ≤ 7.02%. The good enrichment performance for this porous 3D COP might contribute to the hydrophobic and π–π interactions, the size-matching effect, hydrogen bonding, and the good chemical stability of 3D COP. This 3D COP-SPE method provides a promising approach to selectively extract trace amounts of CAP, TAP, and FF in environmental water samples in ng quantities.