Natural Cryoprotective and Cytoprotective Agents in Cryopreservation: A Focus on Melatonin

Author:

Marcantonini Giada,Bartolini DesiréeORCID,Zatini Linda,Costa Stefania,Passerini Massimiliano,Rende Mario,Luca Giovanni,Basta Giuseppe,Murdolo Giuseppe,Calafiore Riccardo,Galli FrancescoORCID

Abstract

Cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents (Cytoprotective Agents) are fundamental components of the cryopreservation process. This review presents the essentials of the cryopreservation process by examining its drawbacks and the role of cytoprotective agents in protecting cell physiology. Natural cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents, such as antifreeze proteins, sugars and natural deep eutectic systems, have been compared with synthetic ones, addressing their mechanisms of action and efficacy of protection. The final part of this article focuses melatonin, a hormonal substance with antioxidant properties, and its emerging role as a cytoprotective agent for somatic cells and gametes, including ovarian tissue, spermatozoa and spermatogonial stem cells.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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