Essential Components from Plant Source Oils: A Review on Extraction, Detection, Identification, and Quantification

Author:

Rahim Muhammad Abdul1ORCID,Ayub Hudda2ORCID,Sehrish Aqeela3,Ambreen Saadia4,Khan Faima Atta1,Itrat Nizwa5,Nazir Anum5,Shoukat Aurbab2,Shoukat Amna2,Ejaz Afaf1,Özogul Fatih67ORCID,Bartkiene Elena89ORCID,Rocha João Miguel101112ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

2. National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

3. Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA

4. University Institute of Food Science and Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan

5. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

6. Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Türkiye

7. Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Türkiye

8. Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania

9. Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania

10. Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal

11. LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

12. ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

Abstract

Oils derived from plant sources, mainly fixed oils from seeds and essential oil from other parts of the plant, are gaining interest as they are the rich source of beneficial compounds that possess potential applications in different industries due to their preventive and therapeutic actions. The essential oils are used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture industries as they possess antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Plant based oils contain polyphenols, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds which show high antioxidant activity. The extractions of these oils are a crucial step in terms of the yield and quality attributes of plant oils. This review paper outlines the different modern extraction techniques used for the extraction of different seed oils, including microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), cold-pressed extraction (CPE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEF). For the identification and quantification of essential and bioactive compounds present in seed oils, different modern techniques—such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS), and electron microscopy (EM)—are highlighted in this review along with the beneficial effects of these essential components in different in vivo and in vitro studies and in different applications. The primary goal of this research article is to pique the attention of researchers towards the different sources, potential uses and applications of oils in different industries.

Funder

COST Action 18101 SOURDOMICS

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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