Affiliation:
1. Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
2. Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of milling on the yields of incurred residues extracted from cereals. Rice, wheat, barley, and oat were soaked in nine pesticides (acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, imidacloprid, ferimzone, etofenprox, tebufenozide, clothianidin, hexaconazole, and indoxacarb), dried, milled, and passed through sieves of various sizes. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry extracted and quantified the incurred pesticides, respectively. For rice and oat, the yields were higher for vortexed samples than for soaked samples. For rice, the yields improved as the extraction time increased from 1 to 5 min. The optimized method was validated based on the selectivity, limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, precision, and the matrix effect. For rice and barley, the average yields improved as the particle size decreased from <10 mesh to >60 mesh. For 40–60-mesh wheat and oat, all pesticides (except tebufenozide in oat) had the highest yields. For cereals, 0.5 min vortexing, 5 min extraction, and >40-mesh particle size should be used to optimize incurred pesticide extraction.
Funder
Research Program for Agricultural Science and Technology Development of the National Institute of Agricultural Science under the Rural Development Administration of South Korea
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science