Bicyclic Isoxazoline Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity

Abstract

The application of non-planar scaffolds in drug design allows for the enlargement of the chemical space, and for the construction of molecules that have more effective target–ligand interactions or are less prone to the development of resistance. Among the works of the last decade, a literature search revealed spirothiazamenthane, which has served as a lead in the development of derivatives active against resistant viral strains. In this work, we studied the novel molecular scaffold, which resembles spirothiazamenthane, but combines isoxazoline as a heterocycle and cyclooctane ring as a hydrophobic part of the structure. The synthesis of new 3-nitro- and 3-aminoisoxazolines containing spiro-fused or 1,2-annelated cyclooctane fragments was achieved by employing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-nitro-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-ol 2-oxide or tetranitromethane-derived alkyl nitronates with non-activated alkenes. A series of spiro-sulfonamides was obtained by the reaction of 3-aminoisoxazoline containing a spiro-fused cyclooctane residue with sulfonyl chlorides. Preliminary screening of the compounds for antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative properties in vitro revealed 1-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.7]dodec-2-en-3-amine and 3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrocycloocta[d]isoxazol-3-amine with activity against the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus in the submicromolar range, and high values of selectivity index. Further study of the mechanism of the antiviral action of these compounds, and the synthesis of their analogues, is likely to identify new agents against resistant viral strains.