Combining Zeolites with Early-Maturing Annual Legume Cover Crops in Rainfed Orchards: Effects on Yield, Fatty Acid Composition and Polyphenolic Profile of Olives and Olive Oil
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Published:2023-03-10
Issue:6
Volume:28
Page:2545
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ISSN:1420-3049
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Container-title:Molecules
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Molecules
Author:
Martins Sandra1ORCID, Silva Ermelinda12, Brito Cátia13ORCID, Pinto Luís2ORCID, Martins-Gomes Carlos14ORCID, Gonçalves Alexandre2, Arrobas Margarida5, Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo5ORCID, Correia Carlos M.13ORCID, Nunes Fernando M.4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 2. MORE—Collaborative Laboratory Mountains of Research, Brigantia Ecopark, 5300-358 Bragança, Portugal 3. Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 4. CQ-VR—Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 5. CIMO—Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
Abstract
Under climate change threats, there is a growing need to adapt the conventional agronomic practices used in rainfed olive orchards by sustainable practices, in order to ensure adequate crop yield and olive oil quality and to preserve soil health. Therefore, for two years, the effects of conventional tillage practice (T) and two sustainable soil management strategies, a leguminous cover crop (LC) and its combination with natural zeolites (ZL), on the yield, fatty acid composition, polyphenolic profile and quality indices of olive fruits and oil were evaluated. Crop yield was significantly increased by LC and ZL in the first year. Although in the second year no significant differences were verified, the cumulative yield increased significantly by 31.6% and 35.5% in LC and ZL trees, respectively. LC enhanced the moisture and size of olives, while ZL increased, in general, the concentrations of oleuropein, verbascoside, caffeic acid and epicatechin, as well the oleic/linoleic ratio in fruits and the levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, tyrosol, verbascoside and caffeic acid in olive oil. Despite the higher concentration of total phenols in the fruits and oil from T trees in the warmer and dryer year, the quality of the oil decreased, mainly when compared with ZL, as evidenced by the peroxide value and K232 and K270 coefficients. In short, both sustainable soil management strategies appear to be promising practices to implement in olive orchards under rainfed conditions, but the innovative strategy of combining zeolites with legume cover crops, first reported in the present study, confers advantages from a nutritional and technological point of view. Nevertheless, studies subjected to the long-term use of these practices should be conducted to ensure the sustainability of the crop yield and olive oil quality.
Funder
Doctoral Program ”Agricultural Production Chains—from fork to farm” FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development Foundation for Science and Technology FEDER CQ-VR CIMO CITAB AgriFood XXI European Regional Development Fund
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science
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