The Impact of Suture Button Removal in Syndesmosis Fixation

Abstract

The suture button (SB) device was introduced to negate the need for routine hardware removal in the treatment of syndesmosis injuries. However, a considerable SB removal rate has been reported, and the impact of removal is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes after removal of SB for syndesmosis fixation. A total of 36 patients who underwent removal surgery after syndesmosis fixation using SB were identified. The mean postoperative time to removal was 12.2 months. On a plain radiograph, tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) was measured and compared at three follow-up time points. In patients with computed tomography (CT) imaging (n = 18), the anterior-to-posterior (A/P) ratio was measured to evaluate changes in quality of reduction. Additionally, clinical outcomes were assessed. There were no significant differences in TFCS between the three follow-up periods. None of the patients exhibited recurrent diastasis after SB removal. Although CT analysis demonstrated malreduction in six patients (33.3%), five of six patients had a subsequent spontaneous reduction of the syndesmosis. Clinically, all patients described the resolution of symptoms related to painful hardware at the final follow-up. Our results demonstrate that SB removal at one year following syndesmosis fixation leads to improved clinical symptoms without negatively impacting the quality of syndesmosis reduction.