Performance of Halo-Alkali-Tolerant Endophytic Bacteria on Hybrid Pennisetum and Bacterial Community under Varying Soil Conditions

Author:

Li Xia1,Ding Yiming1,Okoye Charles Obinwanne123,Geng Xiaoyan14,Jiang Huifang1,Wang Yongli1,Wu Yanfang1,Gao Lu1,Fu Lei1,Jiang Jianxiong1,Sun Jianzhong1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

2. School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

3. Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria

4. Library, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Abstract

Halo-alkali soil threatens agriculture, reducing growth and crop yield worldwide. In this study, physicochemical and molecular techniques were employed to explore the potential of halo-alkali-tolerant endophytic bacteria strains Sphingomonas sp. pp01, Bacillus sp. pp02, Pantoea sp. pp04, and Enterobacter sp. pp06 to enhance the growth of hybrid Pennisetum under varying saline conditions. The strains exhibited tolerance to high salt concentrations, alkaline pH, and high temperatures. Under controlled conditions, all four strains showed significant growth-promoting effects on hybrid Pennisetum inoculated individually or in combination. However, the effects were significantly reduced in coastal saline soil. The best growth-promoting effect was achieved under greenhouse conditions, increasing shoot fresh and dry weights of hybrid Pennisetum by up to 457.7% and 374.7%, respectively, using irrigating trials. Metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that the diversity and composition of rhizosphere microbiota underwent significant changes after inoculation with endophytic bacteria. Specifically, pp02 and co-inoculation significantly increased the Dyella and Pseudomonas population. Firmicutes, Mycobacteria, and Proteobacteria phyla were enriched in Bacillus PP02 samples. These may explain the best growth-promoting effects of pp02 and co-inoculation on hybrid Pennisetum under greenhouse conditions. Our findings reveal the performance of endophytic bacterial inoculants in enhancing beneficial microbiota, salt stress tolerance, and hybrid Pennisetum growth.

Funder

the National Natural Science Foundation of China

Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund

Publisher

MDPI AG

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