Biochemical, Anatomical, Genetic, and Yield Assessment of Seven Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) Subjected to Drought Stress
Author:
Abo-Youssef Mahmoud I.1, Elbagory Mohssen2ORCID, Elsehely Abdelsalam B.1, El-Gammaal Amgad A.3, El Denary Medhat E.4ORCID, Elaty Mohamed S. Abd5, Talha Ibrahim A.1, Hazman Mohamed67, Nehela Yasser8ORCID, Omara Alaa El-Dein9ORCID, El-Kallawy Wael H.1
Affiliation:
1. Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail 61321, Assir, Saudi Arabia 3. Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt 4. Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt 5. Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt 6. Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt 7. School of Biotechnology, Nile University (NU), Juhayna Square, 26th of July Corridor, El Sheikh Zayed 12588, Egypt 8. Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt 9. Agricultural Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza 12112, Egypt
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main environmental challenges that dramatically reduce global rice production within several agricultural ecosystems. Breeding drought-tolerant rice genotypes is an important sustainable strategy to overcome this constraint. In this work, drought tolerance levels were assessed according to biochemical, anatomical, and molecular aspects, which led to selecting three promising crosses (Sakha 107 × Sakha super 300, Sakha 107 × M206, and Sakha 107 × Sakha 108) that were compared with their parents as controls. The antioxidant capabilities of the chosen potential crosses, such as the ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), and total phenolics, were significantly higher compared with their parents under drought stress. Moreover, the promising selected crosses could accumulate greater proline and chlorophyll contents. The potential superiority of the three selected rice crosses was anatomically represented throughout cross-sections of roots, stems, and leaves, which recorded higher values of cross-section diameter, epidermal thickness, cortex thickness, mesophyll thickness, and bundle sheath thickness as well as a broader range of xylem vessel diameters than their parents under a water deficit. The observed superiority of the antioxidant activities in the overall drought-tolerance mechanisms and anatomical characteristics reflected their protective role in the adaptation process under water stress. Molecular analyses using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers suggested two promising crosses (Sakha 107 × Sakha super 300 and Sakha 107 × M206) to be the most suitable crosses for saving water. They had the highest similarity values and were grouped in a distinct cluster. The relative gene expression of OsACS2, OsCML31, OsCYP94C2a, and OsSRO1c was significantly elevated in the two selected drought-tolerant rice genotypes (Sakha 107 × Sakha super 300 and Sakha 107 × M206).
Subject
Agronomy and Crop Science
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