Integrated Effects of Straw Incorporation and N Application on Rice Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Three Rice-Based Cropping Systems

Author:

Bankole Oluwaseyi Oyewale1ORCID,Danso Frederick1,Zhang Nan12,Zhang Jun1,Zhang Kun3,Dong Wenjun4,Lu Changying5,Zhang Xin1,Li Gexing16,Raheem Abdulkareem17ORCID,Deng Aixing1,Zheng Chengyan1,Song Zhenwei1ORCID,Zhang Weijian1

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Beijing 100081, China

2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

3. National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang 331717, China

4. Cultivation and Farming Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China

5. Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215100, China

6. Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang 464000, China

7. Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Abstract

Crop straw and N fertilizer applications impact paddy rice yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, their interactive effects have not been well documented. This study investigated the effects of straw (S), no straw incorporation (NS), and three levels of N fertilization rates (N0, N1, and N2) on single rice (SR), double rice (DR), and rice-wheat (RW) cropping systems. Straw incorporation significantly increased total CH4 emissions by 118.6%, 8.0%, and 79.0% in the SR, DR, and RW, respectively, compared to the NS. The total GHG emissions in DR are significantly 72.6% and 83.5% higher than those in RW and SR, respectively. Compared to NS, straw incorporation significantly increased yield-scaled emissions by 27.8%, 15.0%, and 89.0% in SR, DR, and RW, respectively. Straw with N application significantly increased average rice yield over N1 and N2 by 39.4%, 50.0%, and 6.7% in SR, DR, and RW, respectively. There was a significant correlation between methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) and CH4 emissions in rSR = 0.87 (p < 0.05) and rRW = 0.85 (p < 0.05), except in rDR = 0.06 (p > 0.05). This study scientifically supports straw incorporation combined with a moderate N application rate in rice-based cropping systems to maintain high rice yields and mitigate GHG emissions.

Funder

Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System-Green Manure

CAAS Center for Science in Agricultural Green and Low Carbon

Key Projects of Consultation and Evaluation of the Academic Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Jiangxi Key Research and Development Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

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