Biomass Allocation and Nutrients Utilization in Wheat as Affected by Phosphorus Placement and Salt Stress

Author:

Zhao De-Yong123ORCID,Zhang Xiao-Lin1,Zhao Shuai-Peng13,Liu Guo-Lan1,Zhang Zai-Wang13,Zhao Wang-Feng1,Li Xue-Ping1,Ali Khan Sabaz4ORCID,Siddique Kadambot H. M.5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China

2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China

3. Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fragile Ecological Belt of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou 256603, China

4. Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan

5. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) management in wheat grown under saline soil conditions requires a better understanding of how P placement and salt stress affect spatial root distribution, plant agronomic performance, and nutrient utilization. A column culture experiment was conducted with two wheat genotypes, Alice and LX99, five P placements (‘Top Dressed High P’, TopHP; ‘Top Dressed Reduced P’, TopRP; ‘Deep Banded High P’, DeepHP; ‘Deep Banded Reduced P’, DeepRP; and ‘No P added’, −P), and two salt stress levels (‘salt stress’, +S; ‘non-salt stress’, −S) to investigate differences in biomass accumulation, nutrient utilization, and root distribution (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–100 cm) among treatments. Deep P placement under non-salt stress increased root distribution at 20–40 cm soil depth for both genotypes compared to top P placement. P application under salt stress increased root weight at all three soil depths in both genotypes and P accumulation in aboveground plant parts (except for LX99 under TopRP). The highest P utilization efficiency occurred in Alice with TopRP and in LX99 with DeepRP under non-salt and salt stresses. Overall, a coordinated adaptation in allocating biomass between belowground and aboveground plant parts, along with altered nutrient utilization, was necessary to reach a growth compromise in response to P supply changes and salinity. Therefore, genotype, P placement depth, and soil salinity should be considered to improve wheat P utilization efficiency under saline conditions.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Youth Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

PhD initiative Project of Binzhou University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Agronomy and Crop Science

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