Increasing Planting Density and Optimizing Irrigation to Improve Maize Yield and Water-Use Efficiency in Northeast China

Author:

Shen Dongping12,Wang Keru2,Zhou Linli12,Fang Liang12,Wang Zhen12,Fu Jiale2,Zhang Tingting2,Liang Zhongyu2,Xie Ruizhi2,Ming Bo2ORCID,Hou Peng2,Xue Jun2ORCID,Li Jianmin3,Kang Xiaojun3,Zhang Guoqiang2ORCID,Li Shaokun1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China

3. Tongliao Agro-Technical Extension Center, Tongliao 028000, China

Abstract

We investigated the effects of variety, planting density, and irrigation amount on grain yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), and evapotranspiration (ETc). The trial was conducted in Tong Liao, Inner Mongolia, from 2021 to 2022, with compact variety Dika159 (DK159) and conventional variety Zhengdan958 (ZD958) as the test materials. The planting density was set to 6.0 × 104 plants/ha (D1, local farmer planting density) and 9.0 × 104 plants/ha (D2), with five irrigation levels: 450 mm (W450, irrigation amount used by local farmers, CK); 360 mm (W360); 270 mm (W270); 180 mm (W180); and 90 mm (W90). The results indicate that the yield and WUE of variety DK159 increased by 7.48% and 5.00%, compared to ZD958, respectively. Increasing planting density enhanced yield by 13.32–15.57% in maize yield and 9.55–11.47% in WUE. Maize yield exhibited a trend of increasing linearly with the irrigation amount before reaching a plateau, reaching a maximum (16.62–17.39 t/ha) and high WUE (2.45–2.49 kg/m3) with DK159-D2-W270. The highest water consumption intensity occurred during the silking stage to the milk stage for different densities and varieties. The results indicate that selecting compact varieties, increasing planting density, and optimizing irrigation amount through integrated drip irrigation and water fertilizer can effectively improve maize yield and WUE.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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