Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Geospatial Mapping for Assessing Groundwater Quality in West El Minia District, Egypt

Published:2023-08-12 Issue:16 Volume:15 Page:2909
ISSN:2073-4441
Container-title:Water
language:en
Short-container-title:Water

Author:

Ismail Esam¹,Snousy Moustafa Gamal²^ORCID,Alexakis Dimitrios E.³^ORCID,Gamvroula Dimitra E.³,Howard Guy⁴^ORCID,El Sayed Esam¹,Ahmed Mohamed S.⁵^ORCID,Ali Ahmed¹^ORCID,Abdelhalim Ahmed¹⁴

Affiliation:

1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt

2. Egyptian Petroleum Sector, Petrotrade Co., 1 Anwar Al Moftty St.-Abbas El Akkad St.-Nasr City, Cairo 39828, Egypt

3. Laboratory of Geoenvironmental Science and Environmental Quality Assurance, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon& P. Ralli Str., GR 12241 Athens, Greece

4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK

5. Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The primary goal of this study is to analyze the hydrogeochemical properties and assess the groundwater quality for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes in West El Minia, Egypt. Major components were determined in 49 groundwater samples to evaluate water quality in the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), geostatistics, and spatial mapping were used to identify the chemical components and processes that influence groundwater quality and highlight areas of health risks. According to the TDS values, about 22% of the groundwater samples are suitable for drinking. Due to the elevated values of hardness in the examined water, none of the water samples are suitable for use in a household. The majority of groundwater samples are acceptable for irrigation based on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), and permeability index, and some can be adequately treated. The study indicated that different groundwater characteristics (such as TDS, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) do not comply with WHO requirements in some regions, which may pose a threat to human health.

Funder

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/16/2909/pdf

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