Enhancing Growth and Intestinal Health in Triploid Rainbow Trout Fed a Low-Fish-Meal Diet through Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum
Author:
Wang Chang’an12ORCID, Li Fangyuan1, Wang Di1, Lu Shaoxia1, Han Shicheng1, Gu Wei1, Jiang Haibo3, Li Zhuang4, Liu Hongbai1
Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China 2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China 3. College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China 4. Fishery Technical Extension Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and intestinal health in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Administered in a 12-week trial, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds contained different C. butyricum levels [G1 (0), G2 (1.6 × 106 CFU/g), G3 (1.2 × 107 CFU/g), G4 (1.1 × 108 CFU/g), and G5 (1.3 × 109 CFU/g)]. Significant enhancements in growth performance, including improved feed conversion ratios and specific growth rates in the G4 group, were indicative of enhanced nutrient utilization, corroborated by optimal digestive enzyme activity levels. Antioxidant capabilities were also enhanced in the G4 group, indicated by increased serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels. Gut microbiota analysis indicated a probiotic concentration-dependent modulation of microbial communities, with a marked enrichment in beneficial bacterial phyla like Firmicutes in the G4 group. This microbial shift correlated with significant downregulations in immune-related gene expressions, including interleukins (IL-1β, IL-8), NF-κB, MyD88, and TNF-α, highlighting an activated immune response. Correspondingly, serum lysozyme and immunoglobulin M contents were significantly elevated in the G4 group. Challenge tests with Aeromonas salmonicida exhibited the higher disease resistance of fish fed the G4 diet. In conclusion, the study shows the potential of dietary C. butyricum, especially at 1.1 × 108 CFU/g, in enhancing the growth, health, and disease resistance of triploid rainbow trout through modulating gut microflora and stimulating immune responses.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA Key Scientific Research Project of Heilongjiang Province Natural Science fund of Heilongjiang Province Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS National Postdoctoral Fund
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