The Potential of Macroporous Silica—Nanocrystalline Cellulose Combination for Formulating Dry Emulsion Systems with Improved Flow Properties: A DoE Study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the possible use of a new combination of two excipients, i.e., nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and macroporous silica (MS), as matrix materials for the compounding of dry emulsion systems and the effects these two excipients have on the characteristics of dry emulsion powders produced by the spray drying process. A previously developed liquid O/W nanoemulsion, comprised of simvastatin, 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, Miglyol 812 and Tween 20, was employed. In order to comprehend the effects that these two matrix formers have on the spray drying process and on dry emulsion powder characteristics, alone and in combination, a DoE (Design of Experiment) approach was used. The physicochemical properties of dry emulsion samples were characterised by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser diffraction analysis. Additionally, total release and dissolution experiments were performed to assess drug release from multiple formulations. It was found that the macroporous silica matrix drastically improved flow properties of dry emulsion powders; however, it partially trapped the oil—drug mixture inside the pores and hindered complete release. NCC showed its potential to reduce oil entrapment in MS, but because of its rod-shaped particles deposited on the MS surface, powder flowability was deteriorated.