Distributed Antenna in Drone Swarms: A Feasibility Study

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles offer a versatile platform for the realization of phased array antenna systems, enabling multiple antenna elements to be distributed spatially in an agile, flexible, and cost-effective manner. Deploying individual antenna elements on single drones and using a swarm of such drones to create an antenna array has the potential to be a disruptive technology. Antenna directivity is limited by the physical aperture size as compared to the wavelength of the radiation being transmitted/received, with electrically larger antennas giving a higher directivity at the cost of an increased size and weight. The authors presented a brief feasibility study using a simple mathematical model implemented in software to explore the predicted performance of the novel UAV deployed antenna array, the limitations of such a system, and the potential applications where such a capability would be beneficial. The authors concluded that it is possible to achieve a suitably coherent superposition of electromagnetic radiation at frequencies of ~1 GHz and lower with current global positioning technologies which offer centimeter scale positioning accuracy and with current drone positioning systems used to control drone swarms.