Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Fittest Node Clustering

Abstract

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, emphasizing the need for a stable and scalable VANET topology to accommodate growing vehicular densities. The intricate challenge of route selection calls for advanced clustering protocols to bolster road safety and message routing. This research introduces a novel approach to intelligent clustering routing protocols, leveraging heuristic-based solutions built upon an enhanced ant colony optimizer (ACO) framework. The study unfolds in two stages: the creation of a dynamic search space model and the election of cluster heads (CHs). The innovative dynamic aware transmission range parallel Euclidean distance (DA-TRPED) technique establishes a dynamic search space using the parallel Euclidean distance (PED) concept. This approach evaluates vehicular nodes by estimating PED values, reducing the search process’s complexity. Subsequently, an intelligent cluster head is selected by enhancing the dynamic evaporation factor (DEF) within the ACO technique. The experimental validation of the DA-TRPED technique takes place in NS2 simulations, demonstrating superior performance compared to conventional ACO. This enhancement is evident in metrics such as packet delivery, packet drop, throughput, end-to-end delay, and the lifetime analysis of clustered nodes. The proposed approach holds promise for optimizing VANETs, enhancing their stability and scalability while promoting road safety and efficient message routing.