Determination of Trace Lead and Cadmium in Decorative Material Using Disposable Screen-Printed Electrode Electrically Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide/L-Cysteine/Bi-Film

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in decorative materials threaten human health. To determine the content of Cd(II) and Pb(II), a disposable screen-printed electrode (DSPE) electrically modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and L-cysteine (LC) was fabricated, which was further electroplated with bismuth film (Bi/LC-rGO/DSPE) in situ. The electrochemical properties of this electrode were studied using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results indicated that the Bi/LC-rGO/DSPE had excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability with low cost and easy production. After optimizing the detection parameters, the linear range of the Bi/LC-rGO/DSPE was from 1.0 to 30.0 μg/L for Cd(II) and Pb(II), and the detection limits were 0.10 μg/L for Cd(II) and 0.08 μg/L for Pb(II). Finally, the Bi/LC-rGO/DSPE was applied to determine the concentrations of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in different decorative materials where the recoveries were in the range from 95.86% to 106.64%.