Post-Operative Complications and Risk Predictors Related to the Avulsion of Lower Impacted Third Molars

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the onset and severity of pain and other complications following lower impacted third molar extraction and to identify potential risk predictors. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients were treated with at least one lower impacted third molar extraction. The primary outcome was the onset of post-operative pain, evaluated at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. The secondary outcomes (trismus, edema, alveolitis, dehiscence, neuralgic injury, and suppuration) were recorded at 3, 7 and 21 days after oral surgery. A correlation analysis was performed to identify potential associations between patient- and tooth-related factors and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scale. When a statistically significant correlation was identified, a regression analysis was performed. Results: Most of the patients were female (84%) with a mean age of 25 ± 3 years; the reason for oral surgery was dysodontiasis in 60% of cases, while the most frequent Pell and Gregory class was BII (36%). The VAS scale showed the onset of mild pain at 6 h (44%), 12 h (48%), 24 h (68%) and 48 (68%) after surgery. Trismus, edema, and alveolitis were observed at 3-day (20%, 64% and 12%, respectively) and at 7-day (16%, 12% and 4%, respectively) follow-up. Neuralgic injury was reported in one case (4%). The linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the duration of oral surgery and VAS scores at 6 and 12 h. Finally, the binary logistic regression identified systemic disease, Pell and Gregory classification, duration of oral surgery, VAS at 6 and 12 h, trismus, and edema at 3 and 7 days as predictive factors of post-operative complications. Conclusions: Within their limits, the results of this study suggest that the onset of post-operative complications increases in proportion to the duration of the surgical procedure.